Asthma and Vaccines
Excerpt by Barbara Loe Fisher

Asthma is an autoimmune disorder that tops the list of chronic respiratory diseases found in children. Although public health officials attribute the recorded increases in asthma to better case diagnosis, more air pollution both indoors and outdoors and smoking, some scientists find evidence that vaccination and lack of contagious infectious diseases in early childhood may later encourage the development of asthma and other allergic conditions.

In 1996, the British medical journal, The Lancet, published a study that noted that the incidence of early childhood diseases in Britain had fallen in the 20th century while those allergic diseases such as asthma, hay fever and eczema rose sharply. The researchers hypothesized that certain childhood infections, especially measles, may protect against allergy.

The authors of the 1997 Science article "Asthma: An Epidemic in the Absence of Infection?" concluded that "childhood infections may, therefore, paradoxically protect against asthma." And the authors of a study in a 1997 article in Epidemiology concluded that "it is theoretically possible that immunization may contribute to the development of allergic disease," including asthma.

In a 1997 issue of Epidemiology, New Zealand researchers reported that of 1,265 New Zealanders born in 1977, 23 received no childhood vaccinations and none suffered childhood asthma. Among the 1,242 who got DPT and polio shots, 23 percent later had episodes of asthma, 23 percent had asthma consultations and 30 percent had consultations for other allergic illness.

In a 2000 study, researchers, in reviewing data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1988 to 1994 and comparing vaccinated to unvaccinated children, found that a child who received DPT or tetanus vaccination was 50 percent more likely to experience severe allergic reactions, more than 80 percent more likely to experience sinusitis and twice as likely to experience asthma as those children who were not vaccinated. The authors concluded that "asthma and other allergic hypersensitivity reactions and related symptoms may be caused, in part, by the delayed effects of DPT or tetanus vaccination."

Autism and Vaccines

The dramatic rise in the numbers of cases of autism in the past few decades, particularly since the early 1980s, has been increasingly linked to vaccination in recent years, as it has become more evident that autism has a biological and not a psychological basis. The medical literature identified only a handful of autism cases in the 1940s. After the DPT vaccine became widely used in the 1950s and the new live virus measles vaccine was in routine use after 1965, the numbers of autistic children began to grow.

By 1979, the combination live-virus MMR vaccine was added to the routine child vaccination schedule and given to children at 12 to 15 months of age while federal grants were given to states to provide free DPT, live oral polio and MMR vaccines to children in public health clinics. In California, where cases of autism have been monitored since 1970, there was a steep and steady rise in the numbers of autism cases beginning in the early 1980s.

The old theory that children were made autistic because their mothers were "cold" and did not provide enough nurturing was discredited in 1964 by the pioneering autism researcher, Bernard Rimland, Ph.D. The fact that autism appears to be a biological disorder has only slowly gained acceptance with the recognition that autistic children are suffering a wide range of immune and brain system dysfunction. In addition to classic autistic behaviors such as spinning, rocking, flapping, lack of eye contact and speech, many autistic children today have gastrointestinal disorders, seizures, learning disabilities and severe allergies.

The connection between vaccination and autism was first reported 18 years ago in DPT: A Shot in the Dark , but today the subject of autism and vaccines has become the most controversial vaccine safety topic debated in the pages of medical journals, on broadcasts and in print journalism reports, in congressional hearings and in homes of parents of autistic children.

DPT vaccine-induced autism is thought to follow post-vaccine brain inflammation that one 1981 British study (the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study) estimated occurs after 1 in 110,000 DPT shots. In the U.S. several awards for DPT vaccine-induced autism have been made in the federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP).

However, most of the arguments about the causal relationship between vaccines and autism have focused on the live MMR vaccine as well as on inactivated vaccines that have contained a mercury preservative, thimerosal.

In 1998, an unsuspecting young British gastroenterologist suddenly found himself in the midst of a hurricane for discovering a possible connection between the MMR vaccine and autism. Andrew Wakefield, M.D. and 13 colleagues published a report in the February 27, 1998 issue of The Lancet about a new syndrome involving inflammatory bowel disease and autism in children. Eight out of 12 normal children who developed severe intestinal disorders soon after an MMR vaccination also became autistic. Previously five of those eight children had reacted adversely to vaccinations.

The team of British scientists, who had inadvertently stumbled upon the connection while studying Crohn’s disease and other inflammatory bowel dysfunction in children, emphasized that they had not proved a cause and effect relationship. They called for more studies to investigate whether persistent viral infection, either from natural disease or live virus vaccines, can lead to central nervous system damage in some children that takes the form of autism.

Nevertheless, in the same issue of The Lancet, CDC officials Robert Chen, MD and Frank DeStefano, MD charged in an editorial that, "vaccine safety concerns such as that reported by Wakefield and colleagues may snowball" when the public and the media "confuse association with causality and shun immunization." Other CDC officials discounted the study’s importance, saying the children’s health problems were "coincidental" and not caused by vaccination.

Soon after, a Reuter’s newswire story quoted Johns Hopkins Neal Halsey saying it was "highly inappropriate" for Wakefield and his colleagues to discuss a possible connection between the children’s health problems and measles or MMR vaccines. Wakefield was called before the Medical Research Council in the U.K. where British, U.S. and WHO health officials criticized his report for unnecessarily frightening the public.

Undeterred, Wakefield subsequently published a study providing evidence for the presence of measles virus in the intestines of children suffering from autism and intestinal bowel disorders, while not finding evidence for measles virus in normal, healthy children. He continued to maintain that children with a pre-existing immune abnormality may be predisposed to sequestering the measles virus in the gut and that the MMR vaccine prompts them to develop autoimmunity leading to immune mediated CNS damage.

In 2001, the IOM Immunization Safety Review Committee examined the Wakefield hypothesis and concluded that "the evidence favors rejection of the causal relationship at the population level between MMR and vaccine and autistic spectrum disorders," but the committee also stated that "the proposed biological models linking MMR vaccination to autism spectrum disorders, although far from established, are nevertheless not disproved." The committee called for further scientific research into the occurrence of autism in children following MMR vaccination.

In 2003, Utah State University researcher Vijendra Singh published a serologic study in Pediatric Neurology reporting that measles antibody was significantly higher in autistic children compared with normal children and the antibody was directed against a protein. He hypothesized that autistic children have a hyperimmune response to measles virus which, in the absence of wild type measles infection, might be a sign of an abnormal immune reaction to measles vaccine strain virus or virus reactivation.

Shortly after Wakefield and his colleagues published initial evidence for an association between MMR vaccine and autism, in 1999 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) directed vaccine manufacturers to remove the mercury preservative, thimerosal, from childhood vaccines. EPA and FDA officials issued their directive in response to federal legislation requiring the evaluation of products containing toxins, such as mercury.

An analysis of mercury levels in childhood vaccines found that the total amount of mercury children were exposed to in routinely given vaccines (DPT, DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B) exceeded EPA toxic exposure guidelines. Mercury is a known neurotoxin, which can cross the placenta and blood brain barrier and concentrate in the blood and brain but can also affect the immune system, kidneys and lungs. A pregnant woman’s exposure to high levels of mercury has been shown to cause brain damage in the fetus.

There was special concern about mercury in childhood vaccines because, as of 1991, the CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) had recommended that all newborn babies receive their first hepatitis B vaccine at 12 hours of age and again at one month of age. Hepatitis B vaccine, along with DPT, DTaP and Hib vaccines given at two months, four months and six months of age all contained mercury.

By the end of 2001, all but trace amounts of thimerosal had been removed from DPT, DTaP, Hib and hepatitis B vaccines as manufacturers moved to package these vaccines in single dose vials that did not require a preservative (thimerosal is still present in DT and inactivated flu vaccine as well as certain combination DTaP-Hib and hepatitis B vaccines).

During the past four years, many parents with autistic children have become convinced that their children are mercury poisoned including those parents who founded SAFEMINDS. Scientists such as Boyd Haley, Chairman, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, have given expert testimony in support of those concerns during investigative hearings held by Congressman Dan Burton (R-IN) in the U.S. House Government Reform Committee.

In 2001, the IOM Immunization Safety Review Committee issued a report that found the hypothesis that exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccines "is not established" but is "biologically plausible," and concluded that the evidence is inadequate to accept or reject a causal relationship between exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and the neurodevelopmental disorders of autism, ADHD and speech and language delay." The report called for removal of thimerosal from childhood vaccines and replacement of existing stocks of thimerosal containing vaccines with mercury-free vaccines.

An attempt by the vaccine industry to insert a rider in the Homeland Security Bill in late 2002, which would have protected vaccine manufacturers from lawsuits for harm caused by toxic additives and components of vaccines, such as thimerosal, further convinced parents that thimerosal is a cause of autism. The rider was eventually removed from the legislation, but parents of autistic children continue to be frustrated in their efforts to obtain recognition of thimerosal-induced autism as they seek compensation in the tort system and in the federal vaccine injury compensation program (VICP) for their children.

Evidence has been accumulating that suggests some children may not be able to excrete mercury from the body as efficiently as other children. In 2003, one study reported that urinary mercury concentrations were significantly higher in children with autistic spectrum disorders than in normal controls.

The authors concluded that "data from this study, along with emerging epidemiologic data showing a link between increasing mercury doses from childhood vaccines and childhood neurodevelopment disorders, increases the likelihood that mercury is one of the main factors leading to the large increases in the rate of autism and other neurodevelopment disorders."

Autoimmunity Family History and Autism

The significance of a family history of autoimmunity and autism was highlighted in a 1999 study published in the Journal of Child Neurology, which found a statistically significant correlation between a family history of autoimmune disorders and autism.

When comparing the medical histories of families of 61 autistic patients and 46 healthy controls, the authors discovered "that the subjects who reported two or more family members with autoimmune disorders were twice as likely to have autism, those with at least three family members with autoimmune disorders were 5.5 times more likely to have autism, and those whose mothers had autoimmune disorders were 8.8 times more likely to be affected."

The researchers added "the percentage of family members with adult rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus and the category of connective tissue autoimmune disorders were greater in the autism group than in controls and approached statistical significance in these cases." They suggested that perhaps "individuals with autism inherit a genetic predisposition for autoimmunity that, in conjunction with medical triggers or other environmental factors, results in developmental and neurologic pathology."

Vaccines and the Law

If adverse responses to vaccination are under genetic control, then laws requiring vaccination are a de facto state-enforced selection and sacrifice of the genetically susceptible. Yet, refusal to vaccinate one’s children with every mandated vaccine in the U.S. can result in denial of an education, including enrollment in day care, elementary school, high school, college, and graduate school; denial of health insurance; denial of employment; and threatened denial of government benefits for poor children, including food and medical care.

In addition, parents who don’t comply with vaccination laws have been charged with child medical neglect and threatened with having their children taken from them. Parents of children, even acutely ill children, are being thrown out of pediatrician’s offices in Texas and other states if the parents attempt to make independent vaccine choices for their children.

All 50 states provide a medical exemption to vaccination laws that doctors licensed to prescribe drugs can write. All but two states (West Virginia and Mississippi) allow exemptions for religious beliefs, but some states require that parents belong to a religion that has a written tenet opposing vaccination, although several state Supreme Courts have found this requirement unconstitutional. Some 18 states provide for philosophical, personal belief or conscientious belief exemption, but less than 1 percent of all children in the US are exempted from vaccination for any reason.

Although American vaccine laws fall under state, rather than federal, jurisdiction, as soon as the CDC recommends a new vaccine for "universal use" in children, state health officials automatically make it mandatory. So, while state health officials only required children to show proof of one smallpox vaccination to enter school in 1949, by 2003 most states required children to be injected with 34 doses of 10 vaccines.

Tracking Vaccines to enforce compliance

To encourage high vaccination rates, federal health officials give grants and other financial incentives to state health and education agencies, or withhold them. In 1993, Congress authorized more than $400 million for states that enforced mandatory vaccination by using social security numbers to track children from birth. Simultaneously, a grant program rewards state health departments with up to $100 for each fully vaccinated child.

The government eventually plans to link state vaccine tracking systems together to create a government operated electronic database monitoring everyone’s medical records, including vaccination status, from birth. (One federal proposal would link a national ID "smartcard" to a driver’s license and health care or a job.) Individual legislators at both the state and federal levels have already proposed tax penalties for citizens who don’t fully vaccinate their children.

A number of private companies and organizations are already working with governments around the world to ensure "the integration and harmonization of immunization registries" through the promotion, standardization, and acceptance of computerized patient records systems that would monitor the health status of every child.

The Children’s Vaccine Initiative (CVI) launched in 1990 at the World Summit for Children in New York City, set a goal to develop global strategies for "the development and utilization" of vaccines by all the world’s children. CVI received money from the United Nation’s Children’s Fund, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, WHO and the Rockefeller Foundation and major vaccine manufacturers.

In 1994, CDC health officials developed the National Vaccine Plan for the U.S., which "provides a framework in which diverse domestic and international, public and private sector activities in immunization and vaccine development can be effectively coordinated."

HIV and Sexually Transmitted Disease Vaccines for Children

In a February 12, 1997 meeting of the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, committee member Neal Halsey reminded HIV vaccine researchers that the government plans to target preteens for universal application of an HIV vaccine.

Halsey told them "one of the things that’s happened in the past with vaccines is that sometimes the manufacturers have developed them and tested them primarily in an age group or a population which may not be the final target population that this committee has considered … We really see age 11 to 12 as the target for introduction of vaccines for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases … It would be nice if there were studies that were planned in parallel when you move another step in the direction of actually having a candidate [HIV] vaccine, realizing where we think we would want to use universal application of such a [HIV] vaccine."

But there are other plans to target adolescents for vaccines being developed for genital herpes, papillomaviruses that cause genital warts, and cytomegalovirus, all which are sexually transmitted. A spokesperson for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is sponsoring clinical trials of a herpes vaccine, was quoted as saying "Parents will have to take their daughters in to the pediatricians when they’re little girls to get them protected against sexually transmitted disease."

Vaccines for sexually transmitted diseases are not the only vaccines that will target adolescents. In 2003, researchers announced development of anti-smoking and anti-cocaine use vaccines but admitted there might be some resistance by parents to accepting these lifestyle vaccines for their children.

Getting Vaccinated in America to Vaccinate the World

As public health officials increasingly define disease control in global, rather than national, terms, mass vaccination proponents and vaccine makers must find ways to finance delivery of newer and more expensive vaccines to poor countries.

They accomplish this by first making the vaccinations mandatory in rich countries, as HIV vaccine developer Stanley Plotkin, M.D., of Pasteur Merieux Connaught, explained in 1996: "The keystone of the [global mass vaccination] system is that the research costs [of drug companies] are recouped in North America and Europe, and the vaccines are sold in the developing world at much, much lower margins…The relatively high rate of childhood vaccination seen lately in most parts of the world is the result of that system."

In 1998, the CDC illustrated how this funding formula works by recommending that all American babies under six months receive three doses of rotavirus vaccine for diarrhea. Although a serious health problem in the Third World, where more than 800,000 babies lacking adequate nutrition or health care die from dehydration caused by severe diarrhea every year, most American babies recover from bouts with rotavirus and are left with permanent immunity. About 20 to 40 babies die of rotavirus infection in the US every year.

By the summer of 1999, the rotavirus vaccine was pulled off the US market after it was discovered that babies were being injured and dying from bowel blockages following rotavirus vaccination.

Vaccine production problems and new epidemics

The rotavirus vaccine, which cost $40 a shot, was the first rhesus-human reassortment vaccine, created by co-cultivating rhesus monkey rotavirus strains with human rotavirus strains to create a genetic human-monkey hybrid strain of rotavirus. This production process, while more sophisticated, recalls the use of rhesus monkeys to produce the original Salk polio vaccine.

In the rush to put a polio vaccine on the market in 1955, polio vaccine pioneer Jonas Salk unknowingly used rhesus monkey kidney tissues contaminated with monkey viruses. By 1960, an NIH scientist, Bernice Eddy, discovered that rhesus monkey kidney cells used to make the Salk polio vaccine and experimental oral polio vaccines could cause cancer when injected into lab animals. Later that year the cancer-causing virus in the rhesus monkey kidney cells was identified as SV40 or simian virus 40, the 40th monkey virus to be discovered.

Unfortunately, the American people were not told the truth about this in 1960. The SV40 contaminated stocks of Salk polio vaccine were never withdrawn from the market but continued to be given to American children until early 1963 with full knowledge of federal health agencies.

Between 1955 and early 1963, nearly 100 million American children had been given polio vaccines contaminated with the monkey virus, SV40.. Today, US health officials admit that the Salk polio vaccine was contaminated with SV40 and that SV40 has been proven to cause cancer in animals. At a conference on SV40 and human cancers held by the National Institutes of Health in 1997, there was no disagreement among both government and non-government scientists about these two facts.

The only disagreement was whether SV40 was actually being identified in the cancerous tumors of children and adults alive today and, if it was, whether the monkey virus was in fact responsible for their cancer. Non-government scientists working in independent labs around the world said, yes." But the scientists connected with the US government said "no."

Highly credentialed non-government scientists continue to identify SV40 in human brain and lung cancers and are finding that SV40 is also associated with bone cancers and Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas. And in a report published in 2001 on SV40 and cancer, the Institute of Medicine stated that "in light of the biological evidence supporting the theory that SV40 contamination of polio vaccines could contribute to human cancers, the committee recommends continued health attention in the form of policy analysis, communication and targeted biological research."

At a September 10, 2003 investigative hearing of the U.S. House Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness chaired by Congressman Dan Burton, testimony was provided by attorney Stanley Kops that the Salk vaccine was not likely the only vaccine contaminated with SV40 and used by millions of American children.

Since 1963, the vaccine manufacturer and federal health agencies have assured the world that, while the Salk vaccine was made using the SV40 infected rhesus monkey kidney tissues, the oral polio vaccine used after 1963 was made using African Green monkeys, which are rarely infected with SV40. The vaccine manufacturer and government health officials have insisted that the switch from rhesus monkey to African Green, as well as testing protocols to detect SV40, prevented SV40 from contaminating oral polio vaccine after 1963.

At the hearing, Kops presented internal vaccine company memos and federal agency documents suggesting that (1) the original seed stocks of oral polio vaccine were made using the rhesus monkey and were contaminated with SV40; (2) the major oral polio vaccine manufacturer did not adequately test their master seed stocks which reportedly contained SV40 but used them to produce vaccine released for use by American children from the 1960’s through the 1990’s; and (3) federal regulatory agencies either did not know or knew and did not do anything about evidence that SV40 contaminated oral polio vaccine was released for use by the public from the 1960s through the 1990s.

If SV40-contaminated rhesus monkeys were used to produce original OPV seed stocks, and if these seed stocks were used to produce oral polio vaccine that was swallowed by American children through the 1990’s, and if SV40 does cause human brain, lung and bone cancers, then this could explain why children today, who were not born before 1963 and never got the SV40 contaminated Salk vaccines, are now sick and dying from cancerous tumors containing DNA from a monkey virus that was in those vaccines.

Pediatric brain cancer, once rare, rose during the past few decades according to the National Cancer Institute. But it is unknown how many of these children had or have SV40 in their brain tumors because nobody checks.

The precedent that has been set by federal health agencies allowing SV40 to contaminate polio vaccine given to millions of children may be influencing how new vaccines are being created. Transcripts of meetings in 1998, 2000 and 2001 of the FDA Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee which dealt with adventitious agent contamination of vaccines, reveals that vaccine manufacturers are asking the FDA for permission to use cells from human and animal cancer tumors--cancer cells--to make HIV and other viral vaccines in the future that would be used on a mass basis.

There has been a federal ban on the use of cancer cells to produce vaccines since 1954 but active consideration is being given to lifting that ban despite the acknowledged risks of contamination with adventitious agents, including residual DNA and RNA.

There is frank admission that the limitations of technology and lack of scientific knowledge means there can be no guarantee that vaccine will not be contaminated with substances that could prove harmful to humans one day. Nevertheless, there are plans to set allowable threshholds for adventitious agent contamination of vaccines.

A Brave New World

In 1997, CDC official Walter Orenstein, M.D., testifying before the US Congress, painted a picture of the future in his annual appeal for more vaccine funding. "On the horizon are vaccine technologies that would have been considered science fiction just a decade ago but are now reported at scientific meetings," he said. "Snippets of synthetic DNA have worked as experimental vaccines in animals. Edible plants have been bioengineered to become vaccine factories…Vaccines have been enclosed in microscopic capsules, permitting them to be released slowly over time."

Several years ago, vaccine researchers held a press conference in Washington, D.C. to announce research to create a genetically engineered "supervaccine" that will be given orally at birth. This supervaccine--dubbed by one researcher as the "Holy Grail"--will contain raw DNA from 20 to 30 viruses, parasites, and bacteria that will be inserted directly into the cells of babies.

The vaccine will be time-released over several months. Disease organisms scheduled to be included in the supervaccine are pneumonia (three viruses), AIDS (two viruses); dengue hemorrhagic fever (four viruses), diarrheal disease (several viruses and bacteria), measles, meningitis (six viruses and bacteria), polio (three viruses), schistosomiasis (one parasite), tuberculosis, typhoid fever and pertussis.

In all, vaccine manufacturers and US govermment researchers are developing more than 150 different viral and bacterial vaccines. A live virus flu vaccine that will be squirted up the nose has been licensed and will target all healthy children and adults between the ages of 5 and 49 in the coming flu season.

Adhesive skin patch vaccines and high technology jet guns will someday deliver vaccines designed to prevent strep throat, asthma, stomach ulcers, tooth decay, cancer and the common cold. If the microbe fighters have their way, the "Brave New World" of the future will truly be infection free.

Or will it? In 1993, scientists at the American Society of Microbiology annual meeting reported that diseases such as tuberculosis and meningitis have become resistant to antibiotics because of their overuse in the past decades. One study shows that pediatricians are prescribing antibiotics for 44 percent of children with common colds. In 1998, evidence of penicillin-resistant strep bacteria caused worry that more people will die from severe pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis.

That same year a government report warned that the overuse of antibiotics in animals, which transfer microbes from livestock to humans through the food chain, is producing resistant bacteria, including antibiotic resistant salmonella, enterococci and E. coli. Health officials warn food producers that antibiotics should never substitute for "inadequate hygiene."

Now there are signs that viruses and bacteria, eager to survive, may be outsmarting vaccines. A 1998 study published in the British Medical Journal found that B. pertussis infection is occurring in vaccinated populations in the Netherlands, Norway and Denmark despite vaccination rates as high as 96 percent. Among other causes of the whooping cough outbreaks, scientists have found an increasing incidence of B. pertussis with a mutated surface protein.

In 1998, a CDC study identified eight distinct genotypes of a wild-type measles virus in populations around the world. In January of 1999, the CDC reported a 1998 measles outbreak in Alaska in which 51 percent of the children had received one or more doses of measles vaccine. Will health officials add yet another dose of measles vaccine, as they did during measles outbreaks in the late 1980s when they realized that one dose failed to do the job?

While the global village gets smaller and smaller, U.S. health officials warn parents and the media that terrible diseases killing children in the Third World are "just a plane ride away." The climate of fear that has been created post September 11, 2001, saw government health officials attempt to convince the American public that the most reactive vaccine ever used by humans--the live virus smallpox vaccine--should again be used by everyone to prepare for the possibility of a smallpox bioterrorist attack. Ironically, it was the American health care workers, who give vaccines, who took a look at smallpox vaccine risks and said "No thanks" to that plan.

The microbe hunters, who want us all to believe as they do that vaccines are the weapons we must all use to insure the health and well being of mankind, are so far winning the political battle for the hearts and minds of the most influential segments of our society. And yet, the parents and doctors questioning their wisdom and their authority are making their pleas for thoughtful reconsideration of the global mass vaccination plan heard in many forums.

"What we forget is that millions of years of evolution have taken place on this planet, and up until the last 100 years, humans have lived in relative harmony with microbes. Yes, there have been epidemic infectious diseases in history, but they have always resolved themselves," said Richard Moscowitz, M.D. "I don’t think there is any real appreciation for what we may be doing by using so many vaccines to try to eradicate so many organisms."

If we stay the present course, will mankind be free from infectious disease but crippled by chronic disease? Will eradication of feared diseases, such as AIDS, through mass vaccination be one of man’s greatest triumphs or will we live in fear of deadly mutations of microbes that have outsmarted man’s attempt to eradicate them? We may look back at the crossroads we are at today and wish we had decided to make peace with nature instead of trying to dominate it.

Whatever government and industry decide to do, public support for mass vaccination programs will continue to erode if public policy continues to precede science and individual health is dismissed as less important than public health. Doctors, who enforce vaccination without allowing informed consent and insist that some may be sacrificed for the greater good, will continue to lose the faith and trust of the people. Vaccines will come to be associated with feelings of fear and harm instead of feelings of safety and protection as the vaccine safety debate becomes more polarized and citizens calling for forced vaccination are pitted against those calling for freedom of choice.

Perhaps the peace we need to make is not as much with nature, as with ourselves.

Reference Source 116

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