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One
in Four Seniors Has a Thinking Problem
Excerpt
By Ed Edelson, HealthScoutNews
(HealthScoutNews) -- Nearly a quarter
of Americans over age 65 has a loss of mental function and memory
problems that could be a forerunner of Alzheimer's disease, a
study finds.
And, in an 18-month follow-up, about a quarter of those with
thinking problems did develop Alzheimer's disease, while normal
mental function returned in an equal percentage.
The challenge is to find indicators -- physical, mental or lifestyle
factors -- that can single out people with mild thinking impairment
who can benefit from preventive treatment, says study leader Frederick
Unverzagt, associate professor of psychology at the Indiana University
School of Medicine.
"It's a mixed bag, a heterogeneous group," says Unverzagt.
"We had five different subsets. Some had medically unexplained
memory loss, some were heavy alcohol users, some had medical conditions
such as stroke. Now that we can describe the scope and nature
of these categories, the next step is to look at predictors or
triggers of cognitive decline."
The study, reported in the Nov. 13 issue of Neurology,
the journal of the American Academy of Neurology, included more
than 2,200 African-American residents of Indianapolis. It is a
joint American-Nigerian, cross-cultural comparison of the incidence
of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia in the two
countries.
The incidence of what the researchers call Cognitive Impairment
No Dementia (CIND), a loss of mental function short of Alzheimer's
disease, was similar to those found in other, more limited studies,
and is applicable to ethnic groups other than African-Americans,
Unverzagt says. For example, a smaller Canadian study whose participants
were predominantly Caucasian also found a 25 percent incidence
of CIND.
CIND is "a transition stage from normal aging to dementia,"
Unverzagt says. While only 2 percent of persons with normal mental
function developed Alzheimer's disease during the follow-up period,
the rate for those with CIND was 26 percent.
Why an equal percentage recovered normal mental function is
not clear, Unverzagt says. It was not the result of treatment.
One possibility explored by the researchers was that depression
caused the poor results, and that thinking improved as the subjects'
outlooks brightened. But that did not prove out. The researchers
still are investigating the possibility that the first poor results
were due to physical conditions that improved over time.
The results are valuable because "this is really the first
one to get a handle on the incidence of CIND in the general population,"
says Neil Buckholtz, chief of the Dementias of Aging branch at
the National Institute on Aging.
"It is increasingly important to learn more about how to
measure and characterize this condition. We are not sure what
factors lead some people to develop Alzheimer's disease and others
not," he says.
The study found that the Americans were twice as likely to develop
Alzheimer's as the Nigerians.
While there now is no proven treatment to prevent Alzheimer's
disease, one may be on the horizon, Buckholtz says. A large-scale
clinical trial of vitamin E and donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept),
a drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease, is underway. Results
are expected in two to three years.
What To Do
The warning signs of CIND that indicate a need to consult a physician
are "major changes in cognitive ability and function -- someone
who wants to balance a checkbook and can no longer do it,"
Buckholtz says.
The
National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke and
the Alzheimer's
Association offer information about Alzheimer's disease.
Reference
Source 101
For more information on how to prevent other diseases, use
PreventDisease.com's "Quick
Prevention Resources".
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